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Difference between revisions of "Jetty/Reference/Jetty Architecture"

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{{note|While the jetty request/responses are derived from the [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/xref/org/eclipse/jetty/servlet/package-summary.html Servlet API], the full features of the servlet API are only available if the appropriate handlers are configured. For example, the session API on the request is inactive unless the request has been passed to a [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionHandler.html Session Handler]. The concept of a Servlet itself is implemented by a [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/servlet/ServletHandler.html Servlet Handler]. If servlets are not required, there is very little overhead in the use of the servlet request/response APIs.
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{{note|While the jetty request/responses are derived from the [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/xref/org/eclipse/jetty/servlet/package-summary.html Servlet API], the full features of the servlet API are only available if the appropriate handlers are configured. For example, the session API on the request is inactive unless the request has been passed to a [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionHandler.html Session Handler]. The concept of a Servlet itself is implemented by a [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/servlet/ServletHandler.html Servlet Handler]. If servlets are not required, there is very little overhead in the use of the servlet request/response APIs. Thus you can build a Jetty server using only connectors and handlers, without using Servlets.}}
  
Thus a Jetty server may be built using simply connectors and handlers, but without using Servlets.}}
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The job of configuring jetty is the job of building a network of connectors and handlers and providing their individual configurations. As Jetty components are simply Plain Old Java Objects (POJOs), you can accomplish this assembly and configuration of components by a variety of techniques:
  
The job of configuring jetty is the job of building a network of connectors and handlers and providing their individual configurations. As Jetty components are simply Plain Old Java Objects (POJOs) this assembly and configuration of components can be done by a variety of techniques:
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* In code. See the examples in the [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/xref/ Jetty 7 Latest Source XRef].
 
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* In code. See the examples in the [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/xref/ Jetty 7 code].
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* With [http://wiki.eclipse.org/Jetty/Reference/jetty.xml_usage Jetty XML] - dependency injection style XML format.
 
* With [http://wiki.eclipse.org/Jetty/Reference/jetty.xml_usage Jetty XML] - dependency injection style XML format.
 
* With your dependency injection framework of choice: [http://www.springsource.org/ Spring] or [http://geronimo.apache.org/xbean/index.html XBean].
 
* With your dependency injection framework of choice: [http://www.springsource.org/ Spring] or [http://geronimo.apache.org/xbean/index.html XBean].
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The JSR77 inspired life cycle of most jetty components is represented by [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/util/component/LifeCycle.html LifeCycle] interface and the [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/util/component/AbstractLifeCycle.html AbstractLifeCycle] implementation used as the base of many Jetty components.
 
The JSR77 inspired life cycle of most jetty components is represented by [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/util/component/LifeCycle.html LifeCycle] interface and the [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/util/component/AbstractLifeCycle.html AbstractLifeCycle] implementation used as the base of many Jetty components.
  
Jetty provides is own [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/xref/org/eclipse/jetty/io/package-summary.html IO Buffering] abstract over String, byte arrays and NIO buffers. This allows for greater portability of Jetty as well as hiding some of the complexity of the NIO layer and it's advanced features.
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Jetty provides its own [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/xref/org/eclipse/jetty/io/package-summary.html IO Buffering] abstract over String, byte arrays and NIO buffers. This allows for greater portability of Jetty as well as hiding some of the complexity of the NIO layer and it's advanced features.
  
 
==Connectors==
 
==Connectors==
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The connectors represent the protocol handlers that accept connections, parse requests and generate responses. The different types of connectors available are based on the protocols , scheduling model and IO APIs used:
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The connectors represent the protocol handlers that accept connections, parse requests and generate responses. The different types of connectors available are based on the protocols, scheduling model and IO APIs used:
  
* [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/server/bio/SocketConnector.html SocketConnector] - for few busy connections or when NIO is not available.
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* [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/server/bio/SocketConnector.html SocketConnector] - for few busy connections or when NIO is not available
 
* [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/server/nio/BlockingChannelConnector.html BlockingChannelConnector] - for few busy connections when NIO is available
 
* [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/server/nio/BlockingChannelConnector.html BlockingChannelConnector] - for few busy connections when NIO is available
* [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/server/nio/SelectChannelConnector.html SelectChannelConnector] - for many mostly idle connections or asynchronous handling of Ajax requests.
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* [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/server/nio/SelectChannelConnector.html SelectChannelConnector] - for many mostly idle connections or asynchronous handling of Ajax requests
 
* [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ssl/SslSocketConnector.html SslSocketConnector] - SSL without NIO
 
* [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ssl/SslSocketConnector.html SslSocketConnector] - SSL without NIO
* [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ssl/SslSelectChannelConnector.html SslSelectChannelConnector] - SSL with non blocking NIO support.
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* [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/server/ssl/SslSelectChannelConnector.html SslSelectChannelConnector] - SSL with non blocking NIO support
 
* [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/ajp/Ajp13SocketConnector.html AJPConnector] AJP protocol support for connections from apache mod_jk or mod_proxy_ajp
 
* [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/ajp/Ajp13SocketConnector.html AJPConnector] AJP protocol support for connections from apache mod_jk or mod_proxy_ajp
  
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</div></div>
 
</div></div>
  
An implementation of this method may handle the request, pass the request onto another handler (or servlet) or may modify and/or wrap the request and then pass it on. This gives three styles of Handler: <br class="atl-forced-newline" />
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An implementation of this method can handle the request, pass the request onto another handler (or servlet) or it might modify and/or wrap the request and then pass it on. This gives three styles of Handler: <br class="atl-forced-newline" />
  
 
# Coordinating Handlers - Handlers that route requests to other handlers (eg [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/HandlerCollection.html HandlerCollection], [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/ContextHandlerCollection.html ContextHandlerCollection])
 
# Coordinating Handlers - Handlers that route requests to other handlers (eg [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/HandlerCollection.html HandlerCollection], [http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-7/apidocs/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/ContextHandlerCollection.html ContextHandlerCollection])

Revision as of 15:03, 22 July 2010

Jetty 7 Architecture

View from 20,000 feet

JettyUML1.png

The Jetty Server is the plumbing between a collection of Connectors that accept HTTP connections, and a collection of Handlers that service requests from the connections and produce responses, with the work being done by threads taken from a thread pool.


Note.png
While the jetty request/responses are derived from the Servlet API, the full features of the servlet API are only available if the appropriate handlers are configured. For example, the session API on the request is inactive unless the request has been passed to a Session Handler. The concept of a Servlet itself is implemented by a Servlet Handler. If servlets are not required, there is very little overhead in the use of the servlet request/response APIs. Thus you can build a Jetty server using only connectors and handlers, without using Servlets.


The job of configuring jetty is the job of building a network of connectors and handlers and providing their individual configurations. As Jetty components are simply Plain Old Java Objects (POJOs), you can accomplish this assembly and configuration of components by a variety of techniques:

Patterns

JettyUML2.png

The implementation of Jetty follows some fairly standard patterns. Most abstract concepts such as Connector, Handler and Buffer are captured by interfaces. Generic handling for those interfaces is then provided in an Abstract implementation such as AbstractConnector, AbstractHandler and AbstractBuffer.

The JSR77 inspired life cycle of most jetty components is represented by LifeCycle interface and the AbstractLifeCycle implementation used as the base of many Jetty components.

Jetty provides its own IO Buffering abstract over String, byte arrays and NIO buffers. This allows for greater portability of Jetty as well as hiding some of the complexity of the NIO layer and it's advanced features.

Connectors

JettyUML3.png


Note.png
This diagram is a little out of date, as a Connection interface has been extracted out of HttpConnector to allow support for the AJP protocol.


The connectors represent the protocol handlers that accept connections, parse requests and generate responses. The different types of connectors available are based on the protocols, scheduling model and IO APIs used:

Handlers

JettyUML4.png

The Handler is the component that deals with received requests. The core API of a handler is the handle method:

public void handle(String target, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, int dispatch)
    throws IOException, ServletException;

An implementation of this method can handle the request, pass the request onto another handler (or servlet) or it might modify and/or wrap the request and then pass it on. This gives three styles of Handler:

  1. Coordinating Handlers - Handlers that route requests to other handlers (eg HandlerCollection, ContextHandlerCollection)
  2. Filtering Handlers - Handlers that augment a request and pass it on to other handlers (eg. HandlerWrapper, ContextHandler, SessionHandler)
  3. Generating Handlers - Handlers that produce content (eg ResourceHandler and ServletHandler)

See also Writing a Jetty Handler.

Servlets

JettyUML5.png

The ServletHandler is a Handler that generates content by passing the request to any configured Filters and then to a Servlet mapped by a URI pattern.

A ServletHandler is normally deployed within the scope of a servlet Context, which is a ContextHandler that provides convenience methods for mapping URIs to servlets.

Filters and Servlets may also use a RequestDispatcher to reroute a request to another context or another servlet in the current context.

Context

Contexts are handlers that group other handlers below a particular URI context path or a virtual host. Typcially a context may have :

  • A context path that defines which requests are handled by the context (eg /myapp )
  • A resource base for static content (a docroot)
  • A class loader to obtain classes specific to the context (typically docroot/WEB-INF/classes)
  • Virtual host names

Contexts implementations include:

A web application context combines handlers for security, session and servlets in a single unit that can be configured with a web.xml descriptor.

Web Applications

JettyUML6.png

A Web App Context is a derivation of the servlet Context that supports the standardized layout of a web application and configuration of session, security, listeners, filter, servlets and JSP via a web.xml descriptor normally found in the WEB-INF directory of a webapplication.

Essentially the WebAppContext is a convenience class to assist the construction and configuration of other handlers to achieve a standard web application configuration.

Configuration is actually done by pluggable implementations of the Configuration class and the prime among these is WebXmlConfiguration.

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