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Difference between revisions of "VJET/VJETDoc Quick Reference"

(Direction Matters)
 
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VJETDoc ''leverages regular JavaScript comments to provide type information'' about JavaScript constructs.  The ability to add type information to JavaScript is a fundamental VJET JS concept.
 
VJETDoc ''leverages regular JavaScript comments to provide type information'' about JavaScript constructs.  The ability to add type information to JavaScript is a fundamental VJET JS concept.
 
 
  
 
= VJETDoc Syntax =
 
= VJETDoc Syntax =
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In VJETDoc, the < (less-than) and > (greater-than) signs constitute the first character of a JavaScript comment.&nbsp; The meaning of the arrows (<  and >) denote the ''direction'' of the JavaScript construct to which the VJETDoc applies.
 
In VJETDoc, the < (less-than) and > (greater-than) signs constitute the first character of a JavaScript comment.&nbsp; The meaning of the arrows (<  and >) denote the ''direction'' of the JavaScript construct to which the VJETDoc applies.
 
* A comment starting with "//>" or "/'''<nowiki>'''</nowiki>'''>" or "/**>" means the comment declaration applies to the ''next'' JavaScript entity.
 
* A comment starting with "//>" or "/'''<nowiki>'''</nowiki>'''>" or "/**>" means the comment declaration applies to the ''next'' JavaScript entity.
* A comment starting with "//<" or "/'''<nowiki>'''</nowiki>'''<" or "/**<" means the comment applies to the ''previous'' JavaScript entity.
+
* A comment starting with "//<" or "/<nowiki>*</nowiki><" or "/**<" means the comment applies to the ''previous'' JavaScript entity.
  
We support the /<nowiki>*</nowiki>*> ... <nowiki>*</nowiki>/  and /*<nowiki>*</nowiki>< ... <nowiki>'''</nowiki>/ style comments for systems that treat them as JsDoc-style comments.
+
We support the /<nowiki>*</nowiki>> ... <nowiki>*</nowiki>/  and /<nowiki>*</nowiki>< ... <nowiki>*</nowiki>/ style comments for systems that treat them as JsDoc-style comments.
  
 
=== Escape ===
 
=== Escape ===
  
 
If you need to escape the directional indicator, you can use any character; we recommend an exclamation mark (<nowiki>!</nowiki>).
 
If you need to escape the directional indicator, you can use any character; we recommend an exclamation mark (<nowiki>!</nowiki>).
 
 
  
 
<source lang="javascript">
 
<source lang="javascript">
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//!<html>
 
//!<html>
 
</source>
 
</source>
 
 
 
  
 
== Syntax Rules ==
 
== Syntax Rules ==
  
  
* When used with documentation comments, use a semi-colon _(<nowiki>;</nowiki>)_ to delineate the type declaration from the documentation text. Documentation comments must appear ''after'' the type declaration.
+
* When used with documentation comments, use a semi-colon (<nowiki>;</nowiki>) to delineate the type declaration from the documentation text. Documentation comments must appear ''after'' the type declaration.
 
+
 
+
  
 
<source lang="javascript">
 
<source lang="javascript">
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|}
 
|}
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
== JavaScript Constructs ==
 
== JavaScript Constructs ==
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|}
 
|}
  
 
<br/> 
 
 
 
 
  
 
== Arrays ==
 
== Arrays ==
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|}
 
|}
 
 
 
 
  
 
=== Arguments ===
 
=== Arguments ===
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|}
 
|}
 
 
  
 
=== Overload ===
 
=== Overload ===
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=== Function Assignment ===
 
=== Function Assignment ===
 
 
  
 
<source lang="javascript">
 
<source lang="javascript">
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=== Calling a Function with Another Function as an Argument ===
 
=== Calling a Function with Another Function as an Argument ===
 
 
  
 
<source lang="javascript">
 
<source lang="javascript">
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);
 
);
 
</source>
 
</source>
 
 
  
 
=== A Function Returning a Function ===
 
=== A Function Returning a Function ===
  
 
We can type the return type of a function with VJETDoc
 
We can type the return type of a function with VJETDoc
 
 
  
 
<source lang="javascript">
 
<source lang="javascript">
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var mymaxer10 = maxer(10) ; //< boolean f(int)
 
var mymaxer10 = maxer(10) ; //< boolean f(int)
 
</source>
 
</source>
 
 
  
 
=== Typing a Function in an Object Literal ===
 
=== Typing a Function in an Object Literal ===
  
 
A function can be assigned to the member name in an Object Literal.    Since the member name is the actual function name, we use the function  expression syntax.
 
A function can be assigned to the member name in an Object Literal.    Since the member name is the actual function name, we use the function  expression syntax.
 
 
  
 
<source lang="javascript">
 
<source lang="javascript">
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|}
 
|}
 
  
 
== Casting ==
 
== Casting ==

Latest revision as of 23:53, 5 December 2012

This document provides a quick, reference style description of basic VJETDoc syntax and usage.  This document does not provide in-depth coverage or discuss grammar, usage rules, or concepts.  For a detailed discussion of VJETDoc, please refer to the VJETDoc Reference Guide.

What is VJETDoc?

VJETDoc is a form of JavaScript comment syntax used to add type information to JavaScript source code. It differs from JSDoc and JavaDoc as it has comprehensive grammar support to describe the complex semantic API of dynamic JavaScript.

VJETDoc leverages regular JavaScript comments to provide type information about JavaScript constructs.  The ability to add type information to JavaScript is a fundamental VJET JS concept.

VJETDoc Syntax

VJETDoc take the form of traditional JavaScript comments, followed by a directional indicator (> or <). The indicator points to the statement to which the VJETDoc applies.  The '<' indicator applies to the preceding statement; the '>' indicator points to the following statement.

var d = 10 ; //< int
 
//> int
var d = 10 ;
 
getRate : function(int x) { /*< int getRate(int x) */
  ...
}


Direction Matters

In VJETDoc, the < (less-than) and > (greater-than) signs constitute the first character of a JavaScript comment.  The meaning of the arrows (< and >) denote the direction of the JavaScript construct to which the VJETDoc applies.

  • A comment starting with "//>" or "/'''>" or "/**>" means the comment declaration applies to the next JavaScript entity.
  • A comment starting with "//<" or "/*<" or "/**<" means the comment applies to the previous JavaScript entity.

We support the /*> ... */ and /*< ... */ style comments for systems that treat them as JsDoc-style comments.

Escape

If you need to escape the directional indicator, you can use any character; we recommend an exclamation mark (!).

//<html>
 
//!<html>

Syntax Rules

  • When used with documentation comments, use a semi-colon (;) to delineate the type declaration from the documentation text. Documentation comments must appear after the type declaration.
var x = 10 ; //< int ; This is a documentation commen

Type Declaration Examples

JavaScript Types

Type Example
Object
var obj1 = new Object() ;  //< Object
var obj2 = { } ; //< ObjLiteral; This is a synthesized type for representing object literals


Boolean and boolean
var t = true ;  //< boolean
var f = false ;//< boolean
 
var T = new Boolean(true) ;  //< Boolean
var F = new Boolean(false) ; //< Boolean
Number
var max = 10 ;     //< Number
var boil = 212.0  //< Number
var rate = 31.45 ;//< Number
 
// the following types are synthesized and all extend Number:   int, short, long, float, double ==> JavaScript Number
var max= 10;//< int
var boil= 31.45 ;//< float
var rate = 31.45 ;//< double
String
var name = 'MrP' ;  //< String
var name2 = new String('MrP') ; //< String
 
// the following type char is synthesized and extends String
var achar = 'f'; //< char
Date
var today = new Date() ;  //< Date
Function
function add(a, b) {  //< Number add(Number, Number)
    return a + b ;
}
 
//> Number add(Number, Number) ; function expression
function(a, b) {
    return a + b ;
}
Array
var names1 = ['Adams', 'Jefferson', 'Wilson'] ; //< Array
 
var names2 = new Array() ; //< Array
names2[0] = 'Adams' ;
names2[1] = 'Jefferson' ;
names2[2] = 'Wilson' ;

JavaScript Constructs

Construct Example
Global Variables
Counter = 10 ;  //< Number
Local Variables
var id = 'AX123' ; //< String
Object Literals
var person = {
name: 'MrP', //< String
age: 33, //< int
bday: undefined, //< Date
married: true //< boolean
isRated: function(){ //< Function
    return true ;}
}
Object Properties
var person = new Object ;
person.name = 'MrP'; //< String
person.age = 33 ; //< int
person.bday = undefined ; //< Date
person.married = true ; //< boolean
person.isRated = function() { //< Function
    return true ; }
}
Type References
var theDateType = Date ; < type::Date
var today = new theDateType ; < Date
Function Expressions
function max(a, b) {//< void max(String, Date)
}
var func = new Function("a", "vjo.sysout.println(a)");//< void fn(String)
Function References
var f = function(a, b) { ... }  //< void fn(String,String)
var f = new Function('a', 'b', '...') //< void fn(String, Date)
Statements
// The for-loop and for...in statements have variables that are part of the construct.
// Those variables can be typed
 
for(var i=0;/*<Number*/ i<10;i++){
}
 
// for..in loops through the elements of an Array or through the Properties of an Object.
// This doesn't require a type comment since variable here will always be treated as a String
for (var variable in someObject) {
}


Arrays

Example
Array Type
var browsers = ['Firefox', 'Chrome', 'Safari'] ; //< Array
 
var browsers = new Array('Firefox', 'Chrome', 'Safari') ; //< Array
 
var browsers = new Array() ; //< Array
browsers[0] = 'FireFox' ;
browsers[1] = 'Chrome' ;
browsers[2] = 'Safari' ;
Type of Array
var scores = [91, 77, 84] ; //< Number[]
var names = ['Mark', 'Sean', 'Juan'] ; //< String[]
names[3] = 'Justin' ;
scores[3] = 12 ;
Two Dimensional Array
var keys = [ //< Number[][]
  [1, 2, 3],
  [4, 5, 6],
  [7, 8, 9]
];


Multi-Type Declarations

VJETDoc supports the notion of a single argument having more than one valid type.


Example
Variable multi-type
var x = 10 ; //< {int  String}
Function argument multi-type
//> void foo({int  String})
foo : function(x) {
}

Function Declarations

Modifier Order

Example Description
 foo : function() //< void
foo : function() //< void
foo : function() //< void f1(String)
Return type is mandatory; access modifier is optional. Function name is not required unless function description includes arguments.

The function name doesn't need to match the actual function name.

 foo : function() //< final void
foo : function() //< final void
final is optional, but if used, appears before the return type

Arguments

Function Arguments Example Notes
No Arguments
foo : function() { //< void
}
If a function takes no arguments, a function signature is not required
Single Argument
foo : function(x) { //< void foo(int x)
}
Multiple Arguments
foo : function(x, y) { //< void foo(Number x, Function y)
}
Multi-type Arguments
//> void f({int  String})
foo : function(x){
}
VJETDoc supports the notion of a single argument having more than one valid type.  In the example, the argument can be either an int or a String.
Optional Argument
foo : function(x) { //< void foo(int? x)
}
 
//> void foo(int x, int? y)foo : function(x, y) {
}
Optional arguments are specified with a question mark (?)
Variable Argument
foo : function(args) { //< void foo(String... args) {
}
 
//> void foo(int x, String... args)foo : function(x, args) {
}
Variable arguments are specified with ellipsis (...)
Typed Function Argument
//> void dateProvider( (void f(Date)) needsAdate)
function dateProvider(needsAdate) {
  needsAdate(new Date) ;
}

Overload

Example
Overload
//> void f()
//> void f(int)
//> void f(String)
foo : f()
Overload with vararg
//> void g(int?, String?)
function g() { }
Overload with different return types
//> Number add(Number, Number)
//> String add(String, String)
function add(a, b){
   return a + b ; }

Function Assignment

var max ; //< Number max(Number a, Number b)
 
function f(a, b) { //< Number max(Number, Number)
   return (a > b) ? a : b ;
}
 
max = f ; // should be ok since function signatures are compatible


Calling a Function with Another Function as an Argument

//> void dateProvider( (void f(Date)) needsAdate)
function dateProvider(needsAdate) {
  needsAdate(new Date) ;
}
 
//> void sayDateDay(Date date)
function sayDateDay(date) {
   var day = date.getDay() ;
}
var sayDateDay2 = sayDateDay ; //< void sayDate(Date date)
 
// We will now call dateProvider with:
// 1. Our declared function sayDate
// 2. Our function assigned to a local variable sayDate2
// 3. A function expression using keywork function
// 4. A function expression using the Function constructor
dateProvider(sayDateDay) ; // declared function
dateProvider(sayDateDay2) ;// function from local variable
dateProvider( // function expression from function keyword
 
//> void function(Date date)
function(date){
   var day = date.getDay() ;
}
);
 
dateProvider( // function expression from Function constructor
//> void function(Date date)
new Function(
  'date',
  'var day = date.getDay() ; ')
);

A Function Returning a Function

We can type the return type of a function with VJETDoc

/*> (boolean f(int)) maxer(int max) ;
* Our function generator will return a function that will return
* true if the passed in value is greater than max, else returns false
*/
function maxer(max) {
   //> boolean f(int) ; this is the function we return
   function f(value) {
      var mymax = max ; //< int
      return value > mymax ;
   }
   return f;
}
var mymaxer10 = maxer(10) ; //< boolean f(int)

Typing a Function in an Object Literal

A function can be assigned to the member name in an Object Literal. Since the member name is the actual function name, we use the function expression syntax.

var contract = {
   rate: 22.45, //< Number
   location: 'Boston', //< String
   open: true, //< boolean
   //> boolean isCostly()
   isCostly: function(){
       return this.rate > 30.00 ;
   }
}
var costly = contract.isCostly() ; //< boolean


Attributed Types

The idea of attributed types is that we would like to be able to refer to a type that has already been assigned to another Vjet type's member.

By VJET types, we mean ctype, etype, mtype, itype,fytpe and mtype.

Example Notes
var x ; //< ::addEventListener

Casting

Use 2 directional indicators (//<<, *//>>*) to indicate a cast.

Example Notes
var person2 = PFactory.create('MrP', 30) //<< Person
Assignment cast
var x ; //< X
x = create() ; //<< ; cast create() to type X
If the type of the left-hand side of the assignment is known, a shorthand cast can be used by leaving out the type name
var d = something() ;
//<< Date ; this doubles as declaration and cast of something()
If the variable type is not known, the cast operation can do double duty by typing and casting.

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