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Git

Revision as of 09:55, 17 May 2017 by Elharo.ibiblio.org (Talk | contribs) (typo)

List of Git repositories available

Please see to http://git.eclipse.org/. NOTE: please use the clone links at the bottom of the pages.. Do not clone from git.eclipse.org/c/

My Eclipse project wants to use Git

Migrating from CVS/SVN to Git

Please see Git/Migrating to Git.

Committers new to Git

Before working on a Git repository, please:

   git config --global user.email my_committer_email@address.com
   git config --global user.name "John Doe"
  • Note that the above will set this as the default user name and email address to use when writing commits. You can set user.name and password on a per repository basis.
   git config user.email my_committer_email@address.com
   git config user.name "John Doe"

This will set the username and email address on just the current git repository.

Git or Gerrit?

Some projects use Git, some projects use a code review tool on top of Git called Gerrit. To find out what the project uses, please ask the project, or find the repository on http://git.eclipse.org/c/

cGit repository browser at http://git.eclipse.org/c/

When looking at the repositories, those using the Gerrit Code Review tool are identified as such. Please see Gerrit for more on Gerrit Code Review.

Your Git identity at eclipse.org

Your correct Git committer_id identity is at eclipse.org can be found on the Gerrit settings page. Your user ID is the same for SSH Git and Gerrit. .

Note that it is NOT the same as your wiki.eclipse.org Username (which is essentially your email address), or bugs.eclipse.org Email Address.

Your Git password is your Eclipse.org site account password as set on https://dev.eclipse.org/site_login/myaccount.php.

Gerrit maintains its own password for https: https://git.eclipse.org/r/#/settings/http-password. Gerrit also maintains its own SSH keys: https://git.eclipse.org/r/#/settings/ssh-keys These passwords and keys are only used for Gerrit and are not interchangeable with the eclipse.org credentials. Gerrit over SSH does not permit password authentication. A public key must be uploaded for Gerrit over SSH.

If your firewall blocks SSH (port 22) and Gerrit SSH (29418) please https:// or proxy.eclipse.org:443 instead of ssh:// with PKI.


Connecting, cloning a repo

Please see the list of Git repositories (above).

Committer access:

   git clone ssh://committer_id@git.eclipse.org/gitroot/project/repo
   git clone ssh://committer_id@proxy.eclipse.org:443/gitroot/project/repo (possible workaround if you are behind a firewall)
   git clone https://committer_id@git.eclipse.org/gitroot/project/repo (if enabled for your repository)

Committer access via https is disabled (and discouraged), but it is available. Please ask Webmaster if you absolutely need commit access over https. Before this try if option no.2 (proxy.eclipse.org on port 443) works for you.


Anonymous, read-only access:

   git clone git://git.eclipse.org/gitroot/project/repo
   git clone http://git.eclipse.org/gitroot/project/repo

Examples:

   git clone ssh://droy@git.eclipse.org/gitroot/cdt/org.eclipse.cdt.git
   git clone git://git.eclipse.org/gitroot/cdt/org.eclipse.cdt.git
   git clone http://git.eclipse.org/gitroot/cdt/org.eclipse.cdt.git

Committing and pushing

The wrong way
The right way
Before committing code to your cloned repo, please ensure that your Git environment is properly set. Otherwise, the user ID and/or email address stored in the commit transaction in your repository will not match your committer ID and/or email address of your Eclipse Committer record with the Eclipse Foundation, and your push will fail.

IP process implications of DVCS

Due to our rigorous IP process, the Eclipse.org use-case for a DVCS is different than that of other Open Source organizations. For this reason, an update hook is installed and must remain in place on every Git repository to ensure a clean IP provenance.

The Eclipse update hook will examine the Committer entries of an incoming push. All the committer entries must be of committers on the project, or the push will fail. Furthermore, your committer ID, or the committer email address registered with your committer account at the Eclipse Foundation must be present in the Committer Email record. Here are some scenarios to help understand this restriction:

   Scenario 1
   Jane Contributor is Author of code.  Commits to her local repo.
   Jane Contributer pushes (publishes) to a committer's local repo.
   Committer pushes code to git.eclipse.org will fail.  
     Committer cannot push code to us from a non-committer.


   Scenario 2
   Jane Committer, known as jane@bigcorp.com to the Eclipse Foundation,
       is Author of code. Commits to her local repo as jane@someisp.com.
   Jane Committer pushes code to git.eclipse.org will fail.  
     Eclipse.org does not recognize jane@someisp.com.


   Scenario 3
   Jane Committer, on project B, is Author of code for Project A. Commits to her local repo.
   Jane Committer pushes (publishes) to a committer A's local repo.
   Committer A pushes code to git.eclipse.org will fail.  
     Committer A cannot push code from a committer who is not on their project.


   Scenario 4
   Joe Contributor Authors code. Commits to his local repo.
   Joe Contributor attaches patch to Bugzilla.
   Committer applies patch to his local repo, commits to his local repo.
   Committer pushes code to git.eclipse.org will succeed.   
     Committer can push their committed code to us, preserving the Author information in the transaction.


   Scenario 5
   Project Team A has 5 committers. All committers commit to local repo.
   Committer pushes code to git.eclipse.org will succeed.   
     Committer can push their committed code, as well as commits performed by other project members.


Please see Handling Git Contributions for information on how to handle "pull" requests from non-committers.

Creating a new repository

Webmaster can create a new repository for you. Just open a bug against Eclipse Foundation > Community > Git. However, Eclipse committers with shell accounts can create new repositories:

   initrepo /gitroot/project/org.eclipse.repo.name.git

For consistency, the name of the repository must end with .git.

To set the description of the repository as shown on http://git.eclipse.org/, use SFTP to copy the desired content to the file /gitroot/project/org.eclipse.repo.name.git/description.

Using Markdown for README/CONTRIBUTING

The cGit web view at http://git.eclipse.org/c/ supports rendering a Markdown, HTML or plaintext file in the root of the repository, in the master branch, as the "About" tab. In the root of the repository, the file names below are searched (in the order listed). Note: case is important. Such as a file name of "README.MD" will not trigger the "About" tab to be displayed, even though though the <url>/about/ will still display the markup.

  • CONTRIBUTING
  • CONTRIBUTING.md
  • README.md
  • readme.md
  • README.mkd
  • readme.mkd
  • README.rst
  • readme.rst
  • README.html
  • readme.html
  • README.htm
  • readme.htm
  • README.txt
  • readme.txt
  • README
  • readme
  • INSTALL.md
  • install.md
  • INSTALL.mkd
  • install.mkd
  • INSTALL.rst
  • install.rst
  • INSTALL.html
  • install.html
  • INSTALL.htm
  • install.htm
  • INSTALL.txt
  • install.txt
  • INSTALL
  • install

Permanently deleting code from Git

If you are required to permanently remove code from a Git repository, please open a bug against Community/Git and Webmaster will do this for you.

Setting up ssh keys

To avoid having to type in your password for each interaction with the server when using git from the command line, we recommend using public key authentication. The easiest way to generate a key pair, and to upload your public key to git.eclipse.org, is to do so from within Eclipse. Please see this document for more details:

http://wiki.eclipse.org/IT_Infrastructure_Doc#Upload_my_public_key

Or do it the manual way:

   Generate a public/private key pair if you don't already have one on your own machine 
   ssh user@git.eclipse.org "mkdir .ssh; chmod 700 .ssh"
   scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [user@git.eclipse.org:.ssh/authorized_keys

Setting up https for pushing

Please note: Git access via HTTPS is not enabled by default. Projects must explicitly request this feature via a bug.


Here is a sample .gitconfig file which is used for git push via https. It is expected to be into your user's system directory (e.g. for Windows Vista "C:\Users\dtenev\.gitconfig").

[core]
        repositoryformatversion = 0
        filemode = true
        bare = false
        logallrefupdates = true
[remote "origin"]
        fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
        url = https://dtenev@git.eclipse.org/gitroot/webtools/incubator/org.eclipse.webtools.incubator.sieditor.git
[branch "master"]
        remote = origin
        merge = refs/heads/master
[http]
	proxy = http://proxy:8080
[user]
	name = dtenev
	email = dimitar.tenev@some.com

It is configured for the following git project (notice that you got the 'c' letter into the following path): https://git.eclipse.org/c/webtools/incubator/org.eclipse.webtools.incubator.sieditor.git/

Do notice few things:

  • URL to the remote contains user's name. Git will require your password on git push execution.
  • URL to the remote does not contain the 'c' letter from the https browse URL above.

You may be curious to see the bugzilla issue (https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=326992) which enabled https push in git repository, and do lead to the above contents of .gitconfig file.

Referencing git repositories on the wiki

To include a reference to your Git repository on your wiki page, you can use the Git Link Template. This links to the web interface where readers can get an overview of the repository, browse the source code, and see some commit stats. Here is an example:

org.eclipse.ecf.git (browse, stats, fork on OrionHub)


External mirrors

Git repositories hosted on eclipse.org are now mirrored at GitHub and Google Source.

See the Git/External Mirrors wiki page on Eclipsepedia for more information.

You don't need Git to get code from repository

As mentioned in bug 329841 you can use the cGit web interface to get code, if you just need the code, and do not need to clone the repository, say to prepare patches or commit changes back in to the main repository.

  • This is useful for things like checking out test scripts, say to a hudson slave, there you just need the files to

start a larger test process, such as using Ant's get task to get a URL such as

http://git.eclipse.org/c/platform/eclipse.platform.releng.eclipsebuilder.git/snapshot/master.zip 
  • It can also be useful to refer to a single file for (temporary) reference or review, such as
http://git.eclipse.org/c/platform/eclipse.platform.common.git/plain/bundles/org.eclipse.platform.doc.isv/porting/4.2/incompatibilities.html?h=R4_HEAD#help-appserver

Gerrit Code Review

If you want to add code review to your Git tool box then see Gerrit.

Errors in Cloning

If your project has requested HTTPS push access, and your are trying to clone(anonymously(via HTTP or GIT)) and receiving 'Corrupted object' warnings:

  • Try to commit a change via ssh(or have another committer on your project do so)
  • Ask your rel-eng to check the permissions on the object in the repo ( should be at least 444 )

If the ssh commit works, and the permissions are not ok then either file a bug, or send a note to Webmaster asking to have the default mask on your git repo repaired. See bug 363599 for details.

Resources

The following resources are recommended reading for anyone new to Git or patch-based distributed version control systems in general. Feel free to add links here to reading that you found to be useful.

Recommended Practices

  • Provide a description for your Git repository by editing the description file in the repository root. This description is used in a couple of different places to help the community understand the purpose of the repository. Keep the description concise (e.g. one line of prose).
  • Provide a CONTRIBUTING file in the root of your Git repository. GitHub, for example, encourages this convention to help members of the community understand how to contribute to the project.
    • TODO provide an example of this
    • Note that an Eclipse project cannot simply accept a Git pull request. Before a pull request can be accepted, the contributor must have agreed to the Eclipse Terms of Use. A contributor who has an Eclipse account implicitly makes this sort of agreement.
    • Please see Handling Git Contributions for further information.

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